Britannia Airways and Virgin Upper Essay Example for Free

Britannia Airways and Virgin velocity EssayIll spark off by reporting on the Virgin Atlantic Upper Class suite website. To start with you ar prompted to select what country you live in. This is so the person who enters the website stand get it in the relevant language. To start with, you get to click on the antithetical things on the plane, and a menu appears in this you get to select which item you want to read about. On the seafaring menu on the vertex of the page, if you click on the box saying Experience you are able to find a virtual tour of the different features of the plane. On this page thither are 3 sub-menus. These are Reaction this is reports on what other professional plane experts have said about it, the arcminute one is Have your say this is obviously where the explorers of the sight can leave their feelings and their views about the site, and lastly there is Response this is where the members of Virgin Airways Flying Club have written what they think of it and what they would do to improve it. The next section on the navigation bar is The Facts.This is alone about the de score, and how they came up with it, how it compares to other aeroplanes, the essential facts, and all questions answered. This helps people to get a good feel for the aeroplane and its features before they consider booking a flight on the bracingly designed Upper Class plane. If you have already booked a flight, you can check details on the Internet if you enter you departure City and arrival city. You can do this under the Routes section. There is an Offers section, scarce at the time of producing this report an offer had just finished, but a nonher one was yet to start.If you go onto the Competitions push on the navigation bar, you can do a quiz about the new aeroplane and if you answer them all correctly you can win a pair of tickets to New York on a Virgin Upper Class plane. The next icon is called Loyalty Programme in this area you can sign up to become a m ember of the Virgin Flying Club. There is also a section called E-Cards where you can send them to your friends, to show them how beautiful the new Upper Class Plane is. If you move down to the bottom of the page them you can select Book a Flight.This was unuseable when I went on there, but it was only because the site is quite new and they are just putting on the program that will aid with online flight bookings. The pages are easily navigable, and exploiter friendly, even for those who are only beginners with computers. There are loads of pictures, and the background to the site is black and dark purple the writing is red and white. It looks very tenderness catching, and would make you want to go back to the site again.They currently only go to New York, Los Angeles and a couple of other places, but the places in the States they fly front to is going to increase as the new improved plane flies more, and more are obviously made. You get a T. V, a bed in which they will give yo u bedding on request, refreshments and food available when you request them, video playing facility, and much, much more I am instantaneously going to review the Britannia Airways website. When you first go onto the website you are greeted by a bright blue screen, with the word Britannica in red letters on the top left corner.There are also 2 blocks of three colours on the page. There is a picture in the middle, which changes to give you different views of the aeroplane. If you scroll down, after this there is a booking form for booking a flight. I decided to fill this in however the airport I fly from most frequently was not on the list. (London Heathrow) I filled in the rest of the details. However, it was not easy as it would not let me enter the data quickly, it was slow. Then it too quite a while to search the records and find what I had requested.Then I realised a new page had appeared and asked me to move into the data. I got annoyed On this one it had London Heathrow but only had 4 destinations that were flown to from there. I got annoyed and left it. I clicked on the icon called Pre-Bookable Options here you could consider to order Champagne, go into the VIP lounge, special meals, extra leg room or get Executive Check-In. However, when I clicked on them no estimated prices for these run were given.This was not good, as if you were a family on a budget because you would not really want to phone up and ask as they powerfulness push you into getting a service that you cant afford. There is a bit called In-flight Shopping this is what is available when they go along the plane with the trolley. They have a Check in and Advice icon, where it tells people who maybe have never flown with Britannia before, or those who are not familiar with airports the process to undertake, before during and after you are in the airport.They have many different planes all with different seat capacities. The seat capacities are as follows 757-200 235seats 767-200 274se ats 767-200 290seats 767-300 315seats 767-300 328seats The i 10. 00 charge is for Select your Seat only and essential be booked in conjunction with seats together, extra or premium seating. Combined price from i 20. 00 amends per adult (from i 27. 00 return per adult long haul) and from i 15. 00 return per child (from i 20. 00 return per child long haul).The price varies dependent on your choice of seating junto and the length of the flight. It also has a section called Can I Take it this includes what size your allowed for hand luggage, and how much your luggage should weigh. This is very interesting. There is also a lot more relevant information. There are not many pictures. It is quite easy to navigate. The flight destinations are mainly in Europe. Food is available on longer flights. After carefully studying both websites, I prefer the Virgin Upper Class website for the design, interesting features and layout.However I would choose the Britannia website for the most relevant information. If Virgin put some interesting features on their website, and Britannia put some more pictures, and so different colours apart from Blue, then I would give them both 10 out of 10. as it stands I would give Virgin 9 and Britannia 8 1/2 as it is not that far behind, but at the end of the day the Virgin website is designed for business personnel and the Britannia website is designed for families. So both I think are good for the audience they are aimed upon.

Factors Affecting Women Shoppers Essay Example for Free

Factors Affecting Women Shoppers EssayMinistry of Women, Family and Community Development 3. 3 2013 Budget Presentation Speech by Malaysia bloom of youth Minister. 3. 4 The Household rehearse of Internet Survey,cc5 by Malaysian dialogues and Multimedia Commisions. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1Background of the playing celestial sphere The us jump on of Internet has grown rapidly over the past long time and it has conk a common means for delivering and trading information, services and goods. Nowadays, internet is not only a networking media, but it is also used as a means of transaction for consumers at global market. Women contribute the large number of Malaysias population. Major contribution of women to the nation always been recognized. With the increasing number of public life women in Malaysia contribute further enhance of the purchasing power among women buyers. The existence of telecommunications equipment such as smart phones and tablets atomic number 18 not l imiting time and draw a bead on for them to be online. The roles of a shoppers personal attitudes get to been widely acknowledged in consumer decision-making and fashional intentions (Wu, 2003).In particular, attitude serves as the bridge between consumers characteristics and the custom that satisfies their needs (Armstrong amp Kotler, 2003). Moreover, consumers characteristics, such as personality, as well as demographic and perception on online shopping benefits, have also been found to incline their online shopping behavior (Cheung amp Lee, 2003). Thus, identifying the relative importance of each determinant of choice towards a given action could be a useful touchstone in understanding such behavior occurs.The main aim of this probe is to investigate purchasing intention of women shopper at Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), with a particular emphasis on understanding and evaluating the factors which directly or indirectly allure their purchasing intentions by measuring th e attitude towards online shopping. 1. 2Problem Statement Online shopping in Malaysia is a new technology break finished since it has just begun to assault the Malaysia retailing sector with the online shopping services (Haque et al. 2006).In order to maturation online shopping in Malaysia, understanding consumer online shopping behavior and factors affecting this behavior when shopping online should be given priority. With the expansion of career women in Malaysia, women shoppers become one of the important market particles or two reasons first, this throng has money and shopping interest. According to Statistics on Women, Family and Community 2011, shows that number of female holded increased from 2000 until 2010. It shows that women in Malaysia have purchasing power (See Appendix 3. ). Second, this segment of the population has the potential of earning a greater income than other segments of the population. It get out be great significance to find out the factors which infl uence women shoppers intention to shop online if we fate to expand group of online buyers and the volume of e-commerce. According to to Statistics on Women, Family and Community 2011, Number of female enrollment in University is higher than male and the number keep increasing. In 2001, number of male enrollment student in University is 103,747 and female 142,242.In 2010, Number of male enrollment in University is 184,457 and female 278,323 (See Appendix 3. 2). The differences of student become bigger each year. The higher of education background can contribute to higher income in the future. Third, growth of online business keeps increasing. Recently, during the 2013 budget presentation by our Prime Minister has stated that the Malaysia Government aware women not only important in a family, but also contribute to the development to the national economy. The politics allocated 50 million to support womens role.One of them is, Get Malaysia Business Online Program (GMBO) introduced t o help 50 g-force small entrepreneurs, especially women to increase their online sales. Grants of thousand Ringgit Malaysia through the provision of 50 million Ringgit Malaysia by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) (See Appendix 3. 3). A mid-2005 survey by the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Corporation (MCMC), only 9. 3% of Internet users had purchased products or services through the Internet during the preceding three months. Among those who did so, airline tickets were the most popular items (43. %) followed by books (15. 6%) and music (6. 8%). Amounts spent on these items were small, however, with 57. 7% of transactions worth less than M$500. Moreover, it is expected Malaysian online sales will increase every year at a high growth (See Appendix 3. 4). Opportunities of online shopping can be restricted by internal and external constraints on behavior. It is important in explaining human behavior since an individual who has the intention of acco mplishing a certain action may be unable to do so because her surroundings prevents the act from being performed.Moreover, there are some barriers which have contributed to the unwillingness of Malaysians to shop online because they afraid their personal information will be stole or misused by others. Despite the high potential of online shopping in Malaysia, there is still lack of understanding concerning the online shopping and its impact on marketing. so a exemplar is needed to structure the complex system of effects of these different factors, and develop an in-depth understanding of consumers attitudes toward internet shopping and their intentions to shop online. 1. Objectives of the Research The objectives of this study are 1. To determine women shoppers shopping attitudes towards website design. 2. To determine women shoppers shopping attitudes towards reliability of online retailer. 3. To determine women shoppers shopping attitudes towards online shopping customer servic e. 4. To determine women shoppers shopping attitudes towards trust on online retailer. 1. 4Scope of Study Literature Review Factors influencing online shopping intention toward online shopping have been looked and documented in the context of traditional consumer literature.A review of empirical studies in this area shows that the theories of Reasoned Action (Ajzen amp Fishbein, 1975) and Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) are among the most popular theories used to explain online shopping behavior. Therefore the theoretical framework f this study is based in these theories. Online Shopping Perceived Benefit Perceived benefits are advantageous results derived from attributes. The benefit can be physiological, psychological, sociological, or material in nature.Within the online shopping context, the consumers perceived benefits are the sum of online shopping advantages or satisfactions that meet their needs or wants. There are many differences between a physical store and its electronic counterpart. Most of the previous online shopping research has focused on identifying the attributes of online stores that promote success (Davis, 1989 Liu amp Arnett, 2000). Previous studies of online shopping have established two categories of benefits intrinsic and extrinsic. Both are important in customers selections to patronize the online stores.Extrinsic benefits include features such as wide selection of products, free-enterprise(a) pricing, easy access to information and low search costs. Intrinsic benefits include features such as design and color. Research Framework The key components of the research framework for consumer attitude towards online shopping can be seen in Figure 1. Website Design Online Shopping Reliability Customer Service Trust Hypotheses A series of testable hypotheses were demonstrable from the proposed research model, as shown belowHypothesis 1 There is a significant relationship between web site design and online shopping. Hypothesis 2 There is a significant relationship between reliability of online retailer and online shopping. Hypothesis 3 There is a significant relationship between customer service and online shopping. Hypothesis 4 There is a significant relationship between trust on online retailer and online shopping. In general, base on the hypotheses, the research framework will be focusing on foursome factors as independent variables and propensity to shop online will be the dependent variable. . e. for the hypothesis 1, 2, 3 and 4 which are focusing on Web Site Design, Reliability, Customer Service, and Trust, it is hypothesize that there should be a positive relationship that would likely to influence the online shopping. Research Methodology To undertake this project, two types of data will be gathered. i. Secondary data This type of data will be used extensively in literature review to provide the framework of this study. Textbook, journals and internet shopping reports will be the sources of this desk re search. ii.Primary data This type of data will be the main instrument used in evaluating the factors affecting women shoppers online shopping attitude and purchase intention. The process of gaining this input is discussed next. In doing so, the rest of this section organized into four main areas the research design, the target population and the judge size, methods for data collection, and data analysis and interpretation. The research design In getting the shoppers data, I choose to employ descriptive research over exploratory or causal research.This type of research is suitable when a study intends to produce accurate description of variables render to the decision being faced, without demonstrating that some relationship exists between variables. This description fits well with the objectives of this study. In addition, a crisscross sectional studies is elected over longitudinal studies. The spring allow the researchers to assess to a larger number of customers, thus enabling them to produce a more representative data. Through this method, data is typically cross tabulated against each other to answer specific issues.This kind of data is meaningful to companies that appeal to many segments of the markets such as internet shopping. The target population and the sample size In line with the scope of the project, the population refers to the female employee of Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). To further define the population, this study will only examine the behavior of women shoppers in the age bracket 20 to 55 years old. The sample elements will be chosen using systematic sampling. Within this pool of shoppers, a sample of 200 shoppers will be selected. This sample size is considered appropriate.Roscoe (1975) for instance stated samples sizes larger than 30 and less than 500 samples are the appropriate for most research. Likewise, Sekaran (1994) agrees that 500 samples are the appropriate upper limit for the sample size. Methods for data collection Sinc e cross sectional study has been chosen for this study, data will be collected through questioning. Using this method, the respondents will be identified systematically and to aid questioning the shoppers, a set of questionnaire will be designed. The questionnaires will be distributed through online and respondents will be invites through UMP Portal.

The Problems With Ship Breaking In Bangladesh Environmental Sciences Essay

The Problems With Ship Breaking In Bangladesh surroundal Sciences EssayIntroductionEnvironmental degradation and depletion of resources atomic number 18 alarmingly increasing in developing countries collectable to lack effective legislations, non-compliance of intertheme standards in send out gap bidding. It is manifested primarily by befoulment, deforestation, destruction of wetlands, depletion of injury nutrients, etc. In Bangladesh, both(prenominal) rapid population growth and a degraded environment create serious threats to the economic development. This leads to new(prenominal) serious problems much(prenominal) as poverty, malnutrition and illiteracy. Since the majority of people in Bangladesh derive their livelihoods from the use and extraction of completely types of resources, the living condition in Bangladesh, especi tout ensembley of the poor, becomes passing vulnerable to environmental damage1.The instant paper is directed to scan the relevant literatures on t he impact of beam severance in Bangladesh and in addition to throw up forward some proposals to be under applyn to this end.Super tankers and giant cargo broadcasts are the backbone of our global consumer society. Hundreds of meters ache, ferrying millions of tons of goods across the globe, the perpendicular size of these commodious vessels is awe inspiring. Even when these institutionalizes are not seaworthy any(prenominal)more, and repairs are not inexpensively viable, the raw material it is constructed from has a greater value for other purposes. wind of one such behemoth is a fascinating feat of engineering, however, the destruction and final resting place of these steel giants is eve more intriguing.Ship breakout is the process that dismantles an obsolete vessels structure for panping or disposal. Conducted at a pier or dry dock or dismantling ship, it includes a wide range of activities, from removing all gears and equipment to cutting down the ships infrastructur e (OSHA, 2001)2. Ship fault although is demanding precisely a very put on the liney process indeed. It involves pollution, environmental hazards, and health issues. Ship breaking was accepted as a highly mechanized task until the 1960s in the industrialized countries like the United States, United Kingdom, Ger galore(postnominal) and Italy, but as the costs of upholding environmental health and safety standards increased the activity moved towards the poor Asiatic states from the early 1980s. The attention since then took a different approach where the ship owners to maximize profits sent their vessels to the scrap one thousands of poor South Asian countries like India, Bangladesh and Pakistan where payment, health and safety requirements are minimal and workers are desperate for work. Ship breaking activities in Bangladesh is concentrated on the port city Chittagong on the Bay of Bengal. Ship breaking activities are being practiced in the coastal areas and defend gained impo rtance in the macro and micro-economy of poverty stricken Bangladesh.Rising demand of raw materials for re-rolling mills and other purposes has made ship breaking activity as one of the major character in the industrial revolution of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is dependant on its ship breaking industry for its domestic steel requirements, thus fashioning it as one of the major resources for steel. This is why ship breaking industry is not subject to any environmental laws or health and safety prescripts for workers in Bangladesh. Even though in that respect is no such law regarding ship breaking and on top of that no one is even concerned intimately the environmental hazard which is leading the dry land to an outrageous environmental exposure. After the vessels end their navigability period, the owners send them to the ship gigabytes in Chittagong to recover their valuable steel where about 95% of a vessel is recycled. However, these ships contain uncivilized substances such as as bestos, lead tonality and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). During scrapping, by manual and basic methods, these unhealthful substances are released into the atmosphere. This phenomenon produces a unfaltering and considerable contamination of the surrounding environment and lethal diseases into the workers. These activities exemplify both the potentialities and the dangers of an increasingly globalising economy.3PROBLEMS DUE TO SHIP BREAKINGShips reinforced forwards the 1980s, contain umteen deadly materials. Ship breaking activities in Chittagong, Bangladesh pollute the soil, sea and rivers of the surrounding. Local fishing and agriculture as a livelihood are almost out of the question over there due to the discharge of this noxious gases and oil pollution in the sea. This erosion of their traditional livelihoods drives more and more impoverished people to the risky shipyards. Samples taken from the yard shows contamination with high levels of mineral oil and toxic substance s. Discharge of oil to the sea likewise results physical damage to the birds, mammals and marine organisms and their infixed habitats. Wastes like blasting residue and paint chips contaminate the soil and surface water. Improper storage and disposal of scrap metals and wastes also causes lead contamination. Environmentally waste fumes evolve when metal and paint is heated during hot work. The pollution is both severe and long-standing. Unlike in Western countries where there are stringent regulations on uncivilised substances and health and safety measure, in Chittagong yard rules and regulations are rarely applied. Laws on health and safety matters although exists but are hardly compel and moreover even if the law becomes stringent due to corrupt politics the ship owners apply their powers to withdraw the law and orders.Following a High chat up directive, the commerce ministry of Bangladesh incorporated a condition in its Import Policy Order 2009-2012, which said an exporter of a vessel had to submit a pre-cleaning certificate from the country of origin stating the ship was cleaned before exportation but then again the establishment amended the law allowing the Chittagong ship breaking industry to no nightlong require the documentation from the selling nations environmental authorities certifying vessels were free of toxic substances.4The Basel convention and several other international treaties laid down rules and regulations which states that ships that are built with deadly toxic substances shall not be exported for cycle unless they are pre-cleaned and has undergone a cleaning test. But in Chittagong ship breaking yard the owners in infringement of the law import those toxic vessels without pre-cleaning. As a result of this assault, terrible poisons and toxic gases are released into the environment playing havoc with the health of the people and all living creature in the ecosystem. The workers in Chittagong yard are permanently exposed to tox ic substances. They breathe in these toxic fumes and asbestos dust. Not simply on the job, but also in the sleeping quarters nearby they inhale these toxic gases. One out of four workers is expected to contract cancer due to workplace poisons. This makes the Chittagong ship breaking industry the most deadly in the world.ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS DUE TO SHIP BREAKINGAside from the health of the yard workers, in fresh years, ship breaking has become an issue of majorenvironmental concern. In addition to steel and other useful materials, however, ships contain many hazardous substances. Many ship breaking yards in developing nations arouse noproper enforceable environmental law, enabling large quantities of highly toxic materials to escape into the environment causing serious health problems amongst the labours in the ship breaking yard, the local population and wildlife.5The hazards are as followsHazardous SubstancesAsbestos fibres, dustsPCBs PVC (combustion products) dour and toxic metals(lead, mercury, cadmium, copper, zinc etc.Welding fumesOrganometallic substances (tributylin, etc.)Volatile organic compounds (solvents)Lack of hazard communication (storage, labelling, material safety data sheets)Inhalation in confined and enclosed spacesBatteries, fire-fighting liquidsCompressed gas cylindersPhysical HazardsNoiseVibrationExtreme temperaturesPoor illuminationBiological HazardsToxic marine organismsAnimal bites take chances of communicable diseases transmitted by pests, vermin, rodents, insects and otheranimals that may infest the ship others)Infectious diseases (TB, malaria, denguefever, hepatitis, respiratory infections, others)Ergonomic and Psychological HazardsRepetitive strain injuries, fumbling postures,repetitive and monotonous work, excessiveworkload.Mental stress, strained gay relations (aggressive behaviour, alcohol and drug abuse, violence)IMPACTS OF SHIP BREAKING DUE TO DISCHARGED POLLUTANTSMost hazardous materials nowadays are restricted or ban ned today but a ship built about 30 years ago ease contains these materials. It also carries hazardous and flammable chemicals used for painting, repair and maintenance, etc. Cables and electrical and other control systems contain hazardous material and emit hazardous gases, if burned. The paint coat, contaminated air, soil and water when torched or scraped, is hazardous for human and the environment. The protection of health and of the workers handling the hazardous waste is of crucial importance.6Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)POPs are chemicals that are highly toxic, remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, bio accumulate through the food web, accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human population, wildlife and the environment.7This group of priority pollutants consists of pesticides such as DDT, industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyc yclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and unintentional by-products of industrial processes such as dioxins, furans and orgaotins. POPs are transported across international boundaries far from their sources no matter wherever they are used, even to regions where they have never been used or produced. Due to its emission the ecosystems particularly becomes risky because of the long-range environmental transportation and bio-magnification of these substances. Consequently, POPs pose a threat to the environment and to human health all over the globe. Exposure to POPs may cause acute, medium or long-term impacts. It also take a leaks rise to cancer and other relate diseases. Chittagong ship breaking industry is a prospective basis of these fatal chemicals of POPs.AsbestosAsbestos is the name given to a group of six different tough minerals (Amosite, Chrysotile,Crocidolite, and the fibrous varieties of Tremolite, Actinolite, and Anthophyllite) that occurs natura lly in the environment. All forms of asbestos are hazardous, and inhalation of these fibres can cause severe diseases. On the ship breaking beaches of Chittagong, asbestos fibres and flocks fly around in the clean-cut air and the labours over there take out asbestos insulation materials with their bare hands without any safety precautions. Workers who repeatedly breathe in asbestos fibres with lengths greater than or equal to 5m may develop a slow build-up of a disease called asbestosis. a scar-like tissue in the lungs and in the membrane that surrounds the lungs. This is a serious disease and can eventually lead to disability or death in people exposed to high measures of asbestos over a long period. Asbestos workers also have increased chances of getting lung cancer as well.Oil PollutionOil is a highly volatile compound composed of mainly hydrocarbon, sulphur containing compounds etc. Approximately 75% of the constituents of oil are hydrocarbons. As a result ship breaking, oil r esidues and the other refuses are being spilled and manifold with soil and water in the beach. In Chittagong yard the beach is black due to oil spills, and fishes have already started to disappear as per the researchers report. In freshwater environments, perhaps the most dangerous problem is contamination of drinking water sources. Food sources, such as fish and crustaceans both marine and fresh water, may be tainted and the consumption of tainted food causes human health problems and also loss for export trade in foreign market. Oil pollution also threatens the livelihoods of fisherman.Impact of ship breaking on the surrounding environment and coastal communityToxic oil and metallic substances through intake of modify fish, causes human health hazards. In ship breaking areas various refuse and disposable materials are discharged and spilled from scraped ships and it often gets mixed with the beach soil .The scrap from the ships is staked haphazardly on the sea shore, leaving be hind an accumulation of metal fragments and rust in the soil. These together with extensive human and mechanical activities often go on as routine work for the scrapping of ships in that area as a result the beach soil loses its binding properties and this accelerate the rate and the amount of shore erosion and increase the turbidity of sea water of the surrounding area. Disruption of bio-diversity in the long run may also destroy the suitability of human settlement.During the breaking period unintended death sometimes occurs. Due to lack of proper sanitation and drinking water workers suffer from water borne diseases. As the sound pollution is a regular phenomenon during dismantling, inhabitants of the adjacent areas live in a painful situation .The poor coastal community get a variety of employment opportunities in the industry and it turns into a way of livelihood to them. On the other hand social crime, abuse of drugs and illegal activities increases due to ship breaking activi ties in that area. As the commercially important species are replaced by low priced species and scarcity of fish, many coastal fishermen are leaving their hereditary vocation and moving around everyday as environmental refugees in a state of under employment and poverty to unemployment and grim poverty.SHIP BREAKING AND multinational LAWThe Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) (1998)PIC is internationally applied to the trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste. The Rotterdam Convention, subjects to the Prior Informed Consent social function for 30 hazardous pesticides and 11 industrial chemicals such as chlordane, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate, Asbestos, PBBs, PCBs etc. Most of these hazardous substances are present in ships that were built 20 to 30 years back. Countries lacking adequate infrastructure to monitor the import and use of such hazardous substances were in violence of the law.In terms of ship breaking, owners have to make a declaration of hazard ous substances on board, on arrival at the yard for dismantling. However, PIC by itself is not sufficient to stop unsecured scrapping. What is needed is that the country from which the toxic ship arrives needs to notify the importing country. The importing country can then take measures for the adequate treatment of these hazardous substances. But unfortunately in the case of Chittagong ship yard it is often seen that end of life vessels have been exported without the importing authorities being alerted.The Basel ConventionArticles 4 and 6 of the Basel Convention impose strict conditions that go further than the PIC convention on the trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes. It imposes an obligation of due diligence, on all ship owners. All parties are required to provide information about a proposed trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes, to the countries concerned. Three elements must be proved for the violation of the Basel Convention to the issue of ship breaking (i) Pr oof that the waste will not be properly dealt with by the ship breaking country. (ii) The legal experience that ships are waste. (iii) An established intention to discardby the owner of the ship.8This convention is very much applicable to the Chittagong yard but unfortunately they are hardly followed by both importing and exporting parties of the yard.9United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP)UNEP is responsible for the go foration of the Basel Convention. It is currently drafting guidelines on the environmentally sound management for the full and partial dismantling of ships, in order to provide recommendations on procedures and practices to be implemented to attain Environmental Sound Management (ESM) in ship breaking yards. internationalist labour Organization (ILO)The International Labour Organization (ILO) is the UN specialized agency which seeks the promotion of social justice and internationally recognized human and labour rights. The guidelines give notice a national f ramework defining the general responsibilities and rights for employers, workers and regulatory authorities in ship breaking. In addition, the guidelines also provides recommendations on safe ship breaking operations including the management of hazardous substances, protection and preventative measures for workers against hazards and suggestions for a competency based training program. The ILO approach is to facilitate step-by-step improvements to the practice of dismantling ships on beaches. If these approaches are applied, the Chittagong ship breaking yard will reach a satisfactory quality.10The ILO guideline suggests theEnsuring there is an inventory of hazardous materials on boardDecontamination and gas-freeing plan for safe demolitionRecycling andSafe waste management.The International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)MARPOL is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978 respectively and updated by amendments through the years. It is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes. In the issue of ship breaking MARPOL would apply to the discharges that occur from ships sent for ship breaking, which take place within the territorial waters of the ship breaking country. Practically this means that once the ship is delivered to a ship breaking yard any discharge, notably of oil or oily mixtures will be prohibited under this convention. Such oily wastes must be retained on board or discharged to reception facilities in port.11International ocean Organization (IMO)In December 2003, the IMO issued a document entitled Guidelines on Ship Recycling. The Guideline is urbanized to give advice to all relevant stakeholders in the cycle process. The Guidelines suggest practical measures for all stages of the ship recycling process. They are New ship and equipment design, in particular to minimize the use to hazardous substances an d waste extension as well as to facilitate recycling and the removal of hazardous materials Preparation of a Green Passport for new and existing ships Selection of a recycling facility and preparation of a ship for recycling including a ship Recycling Plan and Roles for primary stakeholders including flag, port and recycling states, the Basel Convention, the ILO and the shipping industry.The Guidelines seeks to give confidence to recycling as the best means of ship disposal. In general, the Guidelines take the view that the responsibility for environment and worker protection in ship recycling facilities must respite with the recycling feature itself and with the regulatory authorities of the country in which it operates. Nevertheless, it is noted that ship owners and other stakeholders also have a responsibility to address the issues involved.The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS)The aim of ICS is to encourage high standards of operation and the provision of high quality and efficient shipping services. It also strives for a regulatory environment which supports safe shipping operations, protection of the environment and adherence to internationally adopted standards and procedures regarding ship breaking. ICS also promotes properly considered international regulation of shipping and oppose unilateral and regional action by governments. ICS took the initiative to establish an Industry Working Party on Ship Recycling (IWPSR) on the 23rd of February 1999. The IWPSR established an Industry Code of Practice on ship recycling in August 2001. This Code of Practice is the basis for the IMOs own guidelines. It is aimed at the ship owners, and encourages for the present shipping companies to initiate and complete a programme to identify and record, as far as is practicable, on each of their existing ships, any potentially hazardous material, as well as to make every effort to minimize the amount of potentially hazardous materials on board of the ship and while r ecycling of ships.Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)The Stockholm Convention (Article 3.2) restricts the import and export of POPs to cases where, for example, the purpose is environmentally sound disposal. It also requires that POPs may not be transported across international boundaries without taking into account relevant international rules, standards and guidelines (Article6.1). The Stockholm Convention requires Parties to take measures to reduce or come about releases of POPs from intentional production and use (Article 3), unintentional production (Article 5) and stockpiles and wastes (Article 6). Concepts of Best Available Techniques (BAT) and Best Environmental Practices (BEP) are to be further elaborated by the concourse of the Parties. Bangladesh being a signatory government of the convention must take measures to eliminate or reduce the release of POPs into the environment in the Chittagong ship breaking yard.12The Universal Declaration of Huma n RightsThe issue of human rights in ship breaking yards came to the attention of the international community in the 1990s through the plan actions of different non-governmental organizations, above all Greenpeace, trade unions such as the International Transport Workers Federation and the International Metalworkers Federation, and intergovernmental bodies, such as the International Labour Organization. The unutterable working conditions and the dangers to the health and safety of the workers, publicized by several investigative media reports, led to a public outcry, which in turn generated an international mobilization on the issue.13SOLUTIONS FOR A SAFER ENVIRONMENTAbide by the lawAll the international treaties and the international UN bodies must together act against unacceptable ship breaking practices. The yard owners and the workers must have the appropriate knowledge regarding the law, health and safety issues and they also have to be encouraged to abide by the law as requi res. The government must take reasonable steps to make the law obligatory to abide by on the ship breaking yards.Stop dumping toxic shipsThe shipping industry is responsible for its own vessels. They should take immediate measures to prevent pollution of the environment and protect the workers that dismantle their ships. They can do that by decontaminating and gas-freeing their ship-for-scrap before export to developing countries.14Gas Free CertificatesNo ship recycling facility shall undertake any cutting or dismantling activity onboard a vessel until a ship has been tested for flammability and a Gas-Free for hot works certificate granted. This test must take place at the ship recycling facility just prior to any cutting or dismantling taking place.Prevent pollutionThe shipping industry is responsible for its own vessels. They should take immediate measures to prevent pollution of the environment and protect the workers that dismantle their ships. They can do that by decontaminatin g and degassing their ship-for-scrap before export to Asia.Governments RoleThe government of Bangladesh should formulate and implement a national policy and principles for safe and sustainable ship breaking after having consultation with relevant organizations, employers and workers. They should also include this sector under the ministry of industry defined by the Factory Act, 1965 and formulate a policy so that, workers rights and welfare occupational safety health (OHP) could be jibed and it could be eco-friendly as well. fashion of Technological RenovationShip-owners should gradually make their vessels cleaner by the usage of better technology machineries during the recycling process. They should provide their workers with more and more safe and preventative machineries that do not risk the workers life. During maintenance and survey stops, hazardous materials should be replaced with clean alternatives. In addition, ship-owners should, together with shipbuilders and classific ation societies, commit to the development of clean ships to neutralize future disposal problems.15CONCLUSIONThough in Bangladesh, ship breaking is now considered as a formal industry by law but the activities in real are not at all formalized yet. There is no enforcement of the labour laws, no legal binding framework to ensure Bangladesh comply with international human rights and environmental commitments. Above all, there are no consolidated policies or strategies or guidelines in Bangladesh for ship dismantling and there is a serious lack of communication between the responsible Ministries.According to several researchers the whole coastal area in Chittagong is in high risk by pollution generated from the ship breaking activities. Toxic chemicals and hazardous materials are not managed in an environmentally sound way the beach is black due to oil spills, and fishes have started to disappear. Also the ship breaking activities has impact on the human health, directly to the worker s it has impacts on the food chain, on physiochemical properties of seawater, inter tidal sediments and soil and above all the on the biodiversity .As Bangladesh is one of the largest countries in respect of ship breaking activities, the subsequent impact on the environment and violation of human rights in the ship breaking yards drew the attention of different concerned bodies around the world as well as within Bangladesh in recent years. If the ship breaking industry is to bring development in the country, the same shall also be applied to ensure minimization of pollution effect. A daylong stretch along the seashore is in no way justified for continuation of this business. Rather a certain separate zone like a dockyard should be selected by the competent authority to be undertaken at the right time, before it is too late. Considering the vital role of ship breaking in national economy ship breaking can not be stopped. Rather a sustainable approach should be taken to minimize the negative consequences of ship breaking activities in our coastal zone.

Tasks on Management and Leadership Skills

Tasks on Management and leadershiphiphip Skills1.1 INTRODUCTIONThis academic essay is cerebrate to strategic management and leading in McDonalds. The purpose of this assignment is to understand the impact of finis making in an government activity i.e. McDonalds. In this cut throat competition which is prevailing in the market, it is my disposition that leadership and proactive strategy plays vital component in general organisations triumph. In addition to this it has bugger off app arent that strategic management and leadership operate at agree level in an organisation.1.1.1 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENTIt deals with the to the highest degree fundamental and basic question that involve the very existence of the hale organisation and guide the whole comp eachs upcoming. (Mullins,1985)Strategic management entails both strategic planning and implementation, and is the process of identifying and executing the physical compositions strategic plan, by matching the companys capa bilities with the commands of its milieu.(Gadiesh and Gilbert, 2001)In laymans term strategic management provides overall direction to the organisation. This in turn entails specifying the organisations mission, vision and objectives, developing plans etc.1.1.2 LEADERSHIPLeadership is defined as influence, that is the art or process of influencing population so that they go forth strive willingly and enthusiastically toward the achievements of the groups mission. Visionary leadership inspires the impossible fiction becomes truth. (Lynch, 1997)In leadership, mint run the organisation to one place or another for the achievement of its objectives. Leadership is a great tool in achieving success for the organization, not just through charisma, scarce through good judgement,proper want of employees utile utilization of materials.1.1.3 LINK BETWEEN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIPDue to a rapidly changing world, organizations face incredible pressures in delivering straighta m eans results. This necessitates for strategic management because thither is a great indispensableness to maximize every available alternative to achieve the organizations goal.To manage an ever increasing demand for company effectiveness, there is a great need for strategic leadership to flack these conditions priorities. For any ongoing business, it is mainly important to implement strategies through effective leaders.Real strategic leadership means taking responsibility for the future as swell up as what is happening today. A primary goal of strategic leadership is gaining a better understanding of the business conditions, the environment and the leading indicators that identify new trends and blots that may arise. According to the situation, leadership movements can be vary like autocratic, democratic and charismatic and so on. In any organisation it is required to have a good strategic management with good leadership skills. These two must be in parallel positions for th e organizations success.1.2 LEADERSHIP STYLES ON DIFFERENT SITUATION IN MCDONALDSAs I have taken McDonald as case study, I would like to handle the management style that operates in this company. Based on my understanding, McDonald operates with a Democratic style of management. This realisation comes to me while I am elaborateing with the company and it gives freedom and flexibility of change according to variant situations. In this style, the employee and people associated with the company have more participatory role in the decision making process.McDonald has a democratic style and there is a less gap between manager and employees. They have two way relationships between them. They have a comfortable working pattern. So the manager can soft get the feedback from the employees. withal on the other hand, the employees understand the situation and they follow the rules without any difficulty. There are same levels of working. According to the different situation they have a dif ferent style of leadership. In this particular approach, the repositing manager has all power to run the branch but still allows employees to share their ideas and insights.Also in McDonald, every employee has a participative role in the decision making process. All employees have to work with their strengths and provide input on how to delegate work within the team. The management gives more importance to work in a team rather than doing individually. In McDonald, ideas move freely amongst the group and discussed openly thus ultimately achieving their objective. This works both ways for the company by fulfilling individual objectives in line with the overall objective of organisation.The management of this organization motivates the employees to do more work by involving them into decisions which rightfully affects the objective of the organisation.This particular approach influences the productivity of employees and they get hold important to be a part of the organisation by pr oviding a value. They lead all the employees to the same level and the manager everlastingly tries to do the strengths and weakness of employees. To overcome these difficulties, they provide appropriate training career education programmes.McDonald has flexible working hours which provides stress-free environment. They are free to ask with the manager virtually schedules. The way McDonald management adapts to different situations, a strong relationship is being formed between the subordinates and the managers.1.2.1 OBJECTIVE OF MCDONALDSThe main objective of McDonald is to keep back people alert of each product on offer, feel arrogant about it and remember it. The right message has to be communicated to the right audience through the right media. Because of this, McDonald need to give importance understand the value of both employees and customers. Happy employees serve well and results to satisfied customers. This serves as a win-win situation for both organisation and emp loyee. McDonald has perpetually done internal marketing this is important as it precedes external marketing. It goes in line with the ultimate aim of creating not just service leadership but management service. This delivery process is the key to achieving the aim of the company.1.3 IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON STRATEGIC DECISIONGood leadership is adapting to any changes at any time doing the right things at the right time. Because of democratic style of leadership, employees can work comfortably and they can share their ideas and insights with the management. Also in McDonald, managers effectively delegates work to their subordinates and give them full control and responsibility to the tasks. Managers welcome feedback on the result of initiatives and the work environment. Strategic decision has to be do by leaders who have the ability to take effective decisions and adapt to changes in any situation.Because of democratic leadership, employees and managers easily understand th e situation and cope with it. They work freely and comfortably. In McDonald all employees have a right to participate in the objective of organisation. McDonald has a strategic decision which is implicated and formulated by leaders and managers of the organisation. starting signal they decide the future plans and objective of McDonald and how to get there in minimum time. They likewise motivate people to do more work and they appreciate their work by giving the performance award at the end of month.1.4 CONCLUSIONFrom above discussion, I came to a conclusion that in adapting democratic style McDonald is really effective in providing value to employees. Although this style may bring out differences in ideas, it still ends up with formulating a common decision. McDonalds management leadership style is useful as well as to other organisations where managers and employees easily understand the situation and work accordingly. Strategic management and leadership correlates with each oth er. Without making any effective strategic decision, leadership cannot work and it cannot reach to the final objective of an organisation.1.5 Bibliography1 Gadiesh and gilbert Arit and James(1998)Harvard Buisness Review on Leadership(U.S.A)2 LYNCH, Richard(1997) Corporate Strategy (third variation published 2003)3 MULLINS,Laurie (1985) Management and organisational behaviour(Eight edition)4 http//www.coaching-business-to-sucess.com/leadership-styles.html5 http//www.scribd.com/doc/36681688/McdonaldsTASK 2 LEADERSHIP STRATEGY1 INTRODUCTIONThese case will tenseness on how leadership and management theories vehemence on current thinking on strategic decision in an organization. It is focused on how these theories help the organization to meet success. In leadership strategy, the leaders of the organization should create the unique and valuable market position, while the goal is to support the organization with activities that fit together in a complementary way. In recent years inc reasing business competitiveness and the need for the most effective use of world resource has focusing attention on how leadership strategy revitalize organizations.Early leadership theories focused on what qualities distinguished between leaders and followers, while succeeding theories looked at other variables such as situational factors and skill levels. There are many theories on leadership that are emerging in todays work environments. patch leadership styles may differ, the one thing they all have in common is their objective to lead individuals toward a unified goal.2 LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES2.1 Transformational leadershipTransformational leadership is also inhabitn as relationship leadership and it focused upon the connections formed between leaders and followers. It is a process of engendering higher levels of motivation and commitment. The emphasis is on generating a vision for the organization and the leaders ability to appeal to higher ideals and values of followers, a nd creating a olfactory perception of justice, loyalty and trust. Transformational leadership motivates followers to do more than originally expected and the extent of transformation is measured in terms of the leaders effects on followers.Transformational leadership motivate and inspire people by helping group members see the importance and higher good of the task. Leaders are focused on the performance of group members, but also want each person to fulfil his or her potential. Leaders with this style much have high ethical and moral standards. Leaders with this style often have high ethical and moral standards.2.2 Participative leadershipParticipative leadership is one that takes the input of others into account. These leadership encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and attached to the decision making process. In participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow the input of others. Involvemen t in decision making improves the understanding of the issues involved by those who must carry out the decisions.In this leadership, people are more collaborative when they are working on joint goals. Also in this style, a participative leader, rather than taking autocratic decisions, seeks to involve other people in the process, possibly including subordinates, peers, superiors and other stakeholders. Participative leadership is a style of leadership that involves all members of a team in identifying essential goals and developing procedures or strategies for reach those goals.2.2 Leadership surmise work in ALICON companyAlicon group is committed to green environment and is in the process of achieving ISO management systems standard. Alicon group is working with various OEMS on the innovative projects for reducing the weight of Aluminium components for protecting the environment through improving the fuel consumption of vehicles. Alicon group is creating to various domains includi ng Auto, Agriculture, Marine, Medical, Locomotive, Extreme sports and Power sector. Alicon group has been in the forefront in developing new and thought-provoking products for its customers.As Alicon is conducting many sectors, communication is a key element in relationship, and also transpires into key elements for leadership strategies. By practicing outstanding skills, leaders can carry strong relationships with those they are leading. Alicon generates greater awareness of the products including them to transcend their own self-interests for the sake of the organization. Relationship-building is an important tonicity for leaders to possess because it builds trust between the followers and the leaders. Leaders of Alicon give special concern to the growth and developmental needs of the followers. Leaders are more likely to give importance towards success, demonstrate self-confidence and emphasis positive aspects of the vision of company. At the end of the month they evaluate per formance of the employees and motivate them towards achieving the overall aim of the company, and found on their performance the employees are acquiring bonus, promotion. By making the right decisions, they demonstrate their commitment to turning that vision into reality and by doing so thrivingly, they instil in the others the confidence to trust in their leadership.On the other hand, in the participative style in Alicon, where the leaders sells the idea to the team. They also describe objectives of the company and they discuss with the team that how to achieve that to meet the companys requirements. In Alicon, participative leadership helps bring more minds together and hence there are more ideas and suggestions that are generated. However because of this style, several people belonging to different levels of occupation are asked to contribute to the worth of a particular decision, new ideas emerge. So the decisions become more practical and implement able and creatively rich. In Alicon, there has a less gap between leaders and followers. Since everyone has put in some or the other effort towards the planning process and everyone has a feeling of importance, it is quite evident that they will work towards implementing their own suggestions as well. It becomes easier for leaders to generate results.2.3 quality theoryIn Alicon, except these two theories, according to me Trait theory work better in an Alicon. The trait model of leadership is based on the characteristics of many leaders, and therefore it is used to predict leadership effectiveness. The most important thing is that it is not responsible to identify whether a person will be a successful leader or not, but they are essentially seen as preconditions that endow people with leadership potential. It can be applied by people at all types of organization. Also managers can know their strengths and weaknesses and thus they get an understanding of how they can develop their leadership qualities.The maj or advantage is that, company know that which talents leaders have. Even if there are trusted inborn qualities that hit one a good leader, these natural talents need encouragement and development. Because in this leadership self-confidence is developed, honesty and integrity are a matter of personal choice, motivation to lead comes from within the individual, and the knowledge of business can be acquired. In trait theory, people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioural characteristics shared by leaders. As in Alicon is dealing with so many sectors like auto, sports and power systems, so its necessary to have different skills for different sector.2.4 CONCLUSIONIn general there are lots of theory and all the theories have some effect in and other way on the organisation. Ledaership strategy is very useful in an organisation for both the leaders and followers to communicate wit h each other. And also it motivate them to reach the goal of an organisation with the use of this theory. And it works towards the satisfaction from the management and leaders.2.5 Bibliography1 http//www.alicongroup.co.in/products.php2 http//www.strategies-for-managing-change.com/transformational-leadership-theory.html3 MULLINS,Laurie (1985) Management and organisational behaviour(Eight edition)4 http//psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/trait-theory.htmTASK 3 PLANNING FOR LEADERSHIP3.1 IntroductionThis case will identify the requirements that needed in successful planning for leadership. Also it emphasis plan for development of future situations requiring leadership in this competitive world. Todays world is changing drastically in technology and it affects in the development of leadership skills. A little skill for leaders is the ability to manage their own learning that the highly motivated, self-directed and satisfied ways to the development of leadership skills. Th e leaders must be well-planned and they have a strategies to deal with the problems and to overcome with their skills.3.2 Leadership RequirementsIn this modern world, leaders need to have an naive ability to have the courage to make decisions that can take their organisation well in the lead of the competition. Leaders need to involved their organisation well ahead of the competition. Leaders need to be co-operative with their staff and gain support and respect of their staff so that they will follow their lead. Talented leaders address the critical issues that are having the biggest impact on positively to their job responsibilities. Successful leaders do not just recommend change and develop new processes, they become the champions of change. Dynamic leaders take a look at what changes need to occur and implement those changes to happen.3.2.1 E-LAEDERSHIPE-leadership is similar form of effective leadership. It requires highly participative nature of the e-world between e-organis ations and e-customers and the interconnectedness between leader and follower. being a leader in this modern world, e-leadership takes a closer to each and every activities around the world. In future leader can easily take their organisation towards the success if they have this type of qualities. Change is one of the factor that affect to the development of leadership skills. At the basis of the change is the need for the management to recognise that organisations are in fact social systems and that the emergent technology property of the system, the e-world, needs to be well integrated in whole organisational system itself. Because of e-leadership world becomes closer to the activities and also it is possible to communicate to different countries for the leader and they can easily deal with the activities related to their business. So e-leadership concept has given more importance in this fast growing world.3.2.2 GlobalisationGlobalization is one of the most important factor in todays world. Because it affects to each and every place also it is the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. Globalisation includes technological, economic, political and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation, and infrastructure. Being an leader, they have to think about the expansion of their business at globally. Also they need to think about how they can expand to their business around the world. Because of globalisation , the number of countries where products can be sold or purchased has increased dramatically and it leads to improvement of international trade. The leaders need to compete globally, governments have upgraded their level of technology. Large companies refer to the countries is called a multinational so there has a increasing influence of multinational companies. another(prenominal) effect of globalisation is the strengthening power and influence of internatio nal institution such as World Trade Organisation (WTO), International Monetary entrepot (IMF), and World bank(WB).Globalization allows countries to source their manpower in countries with cheap labour. The manpower shortages in Taiwan, south Korea, and Malaysia provide opportunities for labour exporting countries such as the Philippines to bring their human resources to those countries for employment. Also leaders outsource their business processes to other countries so at the end they can achieve their goal.3.3.3 DIVERSE TEAMSEach organisation has its own typical culture. It is a combination of the founders, past leadership, crises, events, history, and size. These impact individual behaviour on what it takes to be in good standing and directs the appropriate behaviour for each circumstance. Being a leader, they need to know the climate thats the feel of the organisation , the individual and shared perceptions and attitudes of the organisations members. polish is the nature of t he organisation that is a result of long-held formal and loose systems, rules , and customs, while the climate is a short -term phenomenon created by the current leadership. Climate represents the beliefs about the feel of the organisation by its members. The leaders must know that what the people believe about the activities that occur in the organisation. These activities influence both individual and team motivation. Organisational climate is directly related to the leadership and management style of the leader, based on the values, attributes, skills, and actions as well as the priorities of the leader. Culture represents the shared expectations and self-image of the organisation. Individual leaders Cannot create or change culture because culture is the part of the organisation. Culture influences the characteristics of the climate by its effect on actions and thought processes of the leader.3.3 EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP SKILLSThe leader must need an effective leadership skills so they can easily communicate with their followers. In this competitive world, it is required to have an efficient qualities in the leader that it help them to do more work and carry a soundless relation with their followers. Because of these leadership skills, leader can take maximum outcome with using minimum resources in an organisation.3.4 DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP SKILLSThere are different methods of developing leadership skills with formal and informal learning style. Leaders are the backbone of an organisation. Because of this leadership skills that they have , they can held seminars, training, self- help projects the leaders can know the picture of their organisation in the future. And according to that they can brief out their staff deeply that how work can be done in a more effective way.3.4.1 JOB ROTATIONJob rotation means employees are moved between two or more jobs in a planned manner. Job rotation is important in developing leadership skills because it includes the aspe cts related to work environment also along with other individual attributes . It helps to make satisfaction derived from balanced distribution of work load, working conditions and learning opportunities. A well planned job rotation in an organisation has immense positive impact on job satisfaction. Being a leader, job rotation helps employees to get different experiences and wider variety of skills to enhance job satisfaction. Also it helps to improve vile performance and settling scores from arising organisation politics.3.4.2 SEMINARSSeminar means formal presentation by one or more experts in which the attendees are encouraged to discuss the subject matter. Seminars are intergral to most programs so because of this the leaders can know the issues which are raised and they can develop their skills by giving better ideas. The success of the seminar is dependent on the groups ability to work together through intelligent discussion, develop an understanding of the material that the l eaders had already think before.3.4.3 TRAININGFor the leader to develop the skills training helps them that at which level they are standing not matter that how good or bad the leader is but then they will further improve their skills. It involves the acquisition of knowledge, rules or changing attitudes and behaviours through professional development. It helps to adhering a plan for the organisation. Through training leader can improve their quality of work and work life. Also it develop the morale of work force in leader.3.5 CONCLUSIONTo conclude this, leaders required a skills to the betterment of an organisation through different method of developing leadership skills. Comparing to old times there has a competition in the world so leaders must acknowledge certain skills that really useful in an organisation towards the success.

An Analysis Of The Genesis 22 Religion Essay

An Analysis Of The Genesis 22 Religion EssayThe chapter begins with a pattern of introduction that usually suggests a new wave in the trend of even sots. And it came to pass after these things, that God did tempt Abraham. In verse 20, the equal introduction is used in stating that Abrahams familiar Nahor had been born(p) children by Milcah. It is known from the onset that God is testing Abraham. The primary aim of the test is to teach Abraham that regard and commitment be vital to keeping covenants. Obedience to covenant obligations brings guarantee of the fulfilment of Gods promises and fresh bestowal of the blessings that go with covenant keeping.God calls Abraham to take his parole Isaac, whom he loves very much to a land which he will show him and offer him for a burnt offering (verse 2). The pr cultivateice of human consecrate in ancient near-eastern society is here revealed.In verse 3, Abraham obeys Gods command without any grudges, rising up early in the morning and ta king on with him the persons and materials needed to perform the move over. His response to Gods call Behold, here I am shows Abraham has entrusted his future and life into Gods hands. He makes himself totally available for Gods purpose. The prophet Isaiah showed a homogeneous attitude in his vision. Abraham surrenders totally to God knowing he was going to be the founding father of Israel.An important truth is learnt about what happens when Gods banter is followed-up with deference in verse 4. He lifted up his eyes and knock againsts the tush of the sacrifice from a distance. He did not need God to speak again for him to ascertain the place. Revelation and divine knowledge and insight follow obedience to the word. Verse 5 shows Abraham leaving his handmaids behind in the Journey and moving on with Isaac. It seems true worship is a personal thing that often involves the individual going beyond the point where most people can or argon willing to go. His faith is unshaken in his confession that he and the lad will go, worship and come back. He understands this is a test and so far, he seems to be doing well. Isaac, the object of the worship is not oblivious of the happenings around him. He is aware a burnt offering is to be performed but does not see any have for it. This makes him curious, and even though he was after bound up by his father for the sacrifice, he did not resist ( 7-10). Abraham demonstrates his faith erst again in God by assuring Isaac of Gods appendnce ( verse 8). In some way, the whole story is allegorical. Isaac is portrayed as a grammatical case of the Christ to come, for as messiah carried his cross to the place of his crucifixion so Isaac carries the wood for the sacrifice demanded by God(22 6). Abraham is seen often assuming the status of a god-figure. doubly he is called upon, both by God and Isaac and he responds, here I am(1). His response with this phrase is reminiscent of the revelation of God(Yahweh) when He speaks to Moses( Ex. 314). In Jesus confrontation with the Pharisees, the same title he uses pitches him against them because they taught of him as a blasphemer equating himself with God. This same statement by Abraham is not only indicative of his total approachability to God. It in some way makes the parallel of Abraham as a God-figure tenable in the same way that Isaac, the object of the sacrifice is representative of the true lamb in the new testament, Jesus Christ. Isaac carries the wood for the burnt offering ( 6 ), as Christ carries his cross.The place of the sacrifice in the land of Moriah( verse 2) is afterward seen in the mountain of Jerusalem where Solomon eventually built the temple of the Lord (2 Chron. 3 1). It plays on the Hebrew word to see (raa) used by Abraham in verses 8 and 14 as to provide. The item that Abraham was the firstborn to offer a sacrifice there when he eventually offered the ram caught in the ticket shows that he first instituted true worship to God. He w as the first to worship God there. It took Abraham three days to find the place of worship. This is probably a half-way point of the full(a) journey to and fro that would take about seven days. In verse 9, Isaac is bound by Abraham, ready to be slain, yet he does not resist even though his father had already told him that God will provide a lamb for the sacrifice. He is a type of the Christ described in Isaiah 53 7 who as a lamb brought to the slaughter, opened not his mouth. Abrahams reply to Isaacs question that God will provide himself a lamb for the sacrifice (verse 8) is an act of his faith in God. He had earlier obeyed Gods command to go somewhere to sacrifice his son. Now, he has to assure his son that the object of the sacrifice will be provided.In verse 10, Abraham demonstrates his faith totally by stretching forth his hand with the knife to slay the lad. God sees Abrahams heart that he truly fears him and speaks through his angel from heaven. God is pleased with Abrahams willingness to entrust all his future into his hands. Verse 13 shows Abrahams faith yielding fruits. He had told his son that God will provide a lamb for the burnt offering. Now, the Lord has indeed provided. He sees a ram caught in a bush by its horns and uses it for the sacrifice. Abraham later calls the name of the place Jehovah-jireh, acknowledging that God had indeed seen to or provided.Verses 15- 18 is a re-affirmation of covenant promise by the same angel of the Lord that spoke earlier on. God gives his word through his angel in promise to Abraham that he will bless him and multiply his seed as the stars of the heaven because he has obeyed his voice, trusted him and was willing to sacrifice for covenant. His seed shall posses the gate of their enemies and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed through them. Covenant promise earlier made demands obedience and faithfulness. Now faithfulness in that covenant walk has brought more assurance of more blessings. In verse 19, Abraham returns to his servants and they go and dwell in Beersheba.The underlying theme in the story is the fact that human sacrifice which was a core part of societal life is here seen to be abolished and replaced with animal sacrifice. Infant sacrifice was customary to the nations that dwelt about Abraham and would later become an important practice in Israel (2 Kings 16 3). Israels realization that the first born belongs to the Lord resulted in their seeking alternative sacrifice that would redeem the first born. Abraham pioneers Israels change from the practice of the other nations through Gods direction to redeem his son by the ram.In verses 21 to 24, the writer notes that Abraham receives news of the children that have been born to his brother Nahor through Milcah. Perhaps the news of multiple bodily fruitfulness is a sign of the promise by the angel of the Lord. The children born to Nahor are Huz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel. Rebekah, the wife Ab rahams servant would later choose for Isaac is the daughter of Bethuel mentioned here. Kemuel is the father of Aram. Nahors concubine Reumah also bore him four children by name Tebah, Gaham, Thahash, and Maachah. This part of the chapter completes the geneology to the second generation of the children of Terah, besides the children born to Abraham by Keturah (25 1-6). Abraham had fathered Isaac. Now, the younger brother Nahor has twelve children eight by his wife Milcah, and four by his concubine Reumah. Jacob, Abrahams grandson would later have the same number of children by his wives and concubines.Out of the twelve children born to Nahor, three would become names of places or nations. In Genesis 10 23, Uz is mentioned as a son of Aram. It is the homeland of stock (Job 1 1). This is probably northern Edom. The country of Buz is the homeland of one of the friends of Job (32 2). In Genesis 2415, Bethuel is seen as a personage. Buz is home to one of Jobs friends ( Job32 2). Hazu (an d Bazu) are mentioned by the 7th century Assyrian king Esarhaddon. In short, Abrahams entire family is blessed even though his youngest sibling Ur, who had fathered Lot had died in Haran.ConclusionFaithfulness is bring out to keeping covenants. Afterwards, blessings follow. God is faithful. The question is are we ready to walk in faith with him as Abraham did?

bruce almighty :: essays research papers

Bruce Almighty is IrresistibleThere is a guilty pleasure one gets from watching characters we identify with struggle on screen, and we begin to gauge to ourselves that maybe our lives arent so bad after all. Such is the case in Bruce Almighty, a new release from Universal Pictures directed by turkey cock Shadyac. The movie is by no means sensational or groundbreaking, but it has an irresistible charm that draws in viewers in desperate need of a break from reality. The unfortunate protagonist (Jim Carrey) becomes convinced that God has abandoned him after he loses a coveted news anchor position to a nauseous coworker. God (Morgan Free adult male) grants Bruce his heavenly powers and challenges him to do a better job, pointing out that Gandhi only lasted a week Predictably, events spin out of control as Bruce is overwhelmed by prayers (received in the form of e-mails), and he manages to lose the only woman who had ever truly cared for him. Its easy to wonder what caring and compass ionate Jane sees in the somewhat swollen and negative Bruce, but Jennifer Aniston pulls off the role beautifully, with an ease that assures her movie career will continue to thrive. Of course, Carrey provides the life force of the movie, and it is his inimitable physical humor and undefiled comedic timing which save a script bordering on cheesy and overdone.Most satisfying of all is watching Bruces conversion from a self-absorbed man suffering from a middle age crisis to a considerate human being aware of other peoples emotions. As God he initially grants all wishes, and pandemonium breaks out, as the real God explains that humans usually dont know what will truly make them happy.

Human Nature in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Essay -- Papers

sympathetic Nature in Frankenstein by Mary ShelleyIn the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the relationship of out-of-door apperence and internal feelings are directly related. The creature is created and he is innocent, though he is seaverly deformed. His nature is to be good and kind, but society only views his external appereance which is grotesque. Human nature is to judge by external apperence. He is automatically ostracized and labeled as a behemoth because of his external apperence. He finnaly realized that no yield how elequintly he speaks and how kind he is, hoi polloi will never be able to see past his external deformities. Children are fearful of him, Adults think he is dangerous, and his own creator abandons him in disgust. The creature is treated as a monster, therefore he begins to internalize societies view of him and act the like a monster. universe by nature, judges people and things by their appearance. If a person is pleasant looking then they will be given more of a meet to express their internal self. If they are ugly, or cosmetically deformed, they usually arent given much of a chance to show who they really are. Grotesquely ugly people are sometimes thought of as monsters, and are ostracized. Many cosmetically inferior people are afraid to go out into society. Mankind seems to be fearful of the unfamiliar and unknown. People are afraid of what they do not understand. Deformaty is something that most people can not comprehend. How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophy, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endevoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful - Great graven image His yellow skin scarcely... ...ves for my destruction. Shall I not hate them who abhor me? I will keep no terms with my enemies. I am miserable and they shall manage my wretchedness. ( the creature, page 97)Here the creature tells Franken stien that he is the fallen angel. This means that he believes that Frankenstien could have make a better job raising him. The creature indicated that he was born good and virtuous, but lonliness and misery due to the alenation he receives from mankind, have made him feel like a monster. Society sees him as a monster and makes him feel like one, so now he will begin to act like one. The creature then begines to tell Frankenstien the tale of what he has done and hoh he has managed to survive the past few years. BibliographyShelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Ed. J. Paul Hunter. Norton Critical Editions. New York Norton, 2005. Print.